Which of the following factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the patient’s muscle cells? – Nursing School Essays

A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is experiencing muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the patient’s muscle cells?High levels of insulin and IGF-1 in the patient’s blood during immobilizationDenervation of the affected muscles during the time of tractionA reduction of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatmentReduced oxygen consumption and cellular function that ensures muscle cell survival